O uso do geoprocessamento como ferramenta de avaliação de impactos da obra de duplicação da rodovia BR-101: Um estudo de caso no Estado de Alagoas

Abstract

One of the main functions of a highway is the flow of people, goods and merchandise, thus becoming a strong ally for economic development. For some decades, the Federal Government has been working to deliver the duplication work of the Northeast portion of the BR-101, the state of Alagoas has approximately 250 km of this highway. This study sought to analyze, through geoprocessing tools, the transformations that occurred in the landscape with the duplication of a stretch of the BR-101 in the State of Alagoas, in relation to the vegetation, comparing different temporal scales. The research methodology was based on the collection, treatment and processing of images from LandSat and Sentinel satellites, referring to the years 1995, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2020. The processing of the images was performed using the Qgis software in order to allow obtaining the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and performing the Supervised Classification, which generated Land Use and Occupancy Maps. Regarding the results achieved, regarding the NDVI, the values obtained were divided into pre-defined classes and presented a very variable behavior during all the years, predominating in the region studied thin, medium-sized vegetation and exposed soil, there was also a low incidence of bodies water, as well as dense vegetation (in areas close to the highway). The Supervised Classification reinforced the results obtained through the NDVI, where in the analyzed years there was a predominance of sparse vegetation. The analyzes carried out also made it possible to calculate the area occupied after duplication, totaling approximately 3.08 km2, in addition to enabling the identification of areas of native forest affected by the work, being the main municipality affected Rio Largo. The conclusion of the works for the implementation of the second lane of vehicle traffic allowed the analysis of the changes suffered in the landscapes of the regions through which the highway passes. Every large road work provides numerous benefits to the region where it is located, however, they also generate negative impacts. Thus, the research generated maps, tables and comparative analyzes that can support future decision-making by government agencies for the development of the State of Alagoas, as well as carry out the environmental control of the vegetation directly and indirectly affected Keywords: Highway, geoprocessing, changes in landscapes.