Produção de mudas de moringa oleifera Lam submetidas a diferentes concentrações de substratos.

Abstract

RESUME

Currently the demand for tree species seedlings has grown in Brazil, this is due to the fact that they serve several purposes, which demands from large scale producers in a short time, as well as the seedlings must be vigorous and free of pathogens, factors that are directly related to environmental conditions, quality of substrates and phytotechnics. For substrate composition of seedlings of this species, it is recommended to incorporate "sheep manure" and "coffee grounds", as these are excellent suppliers of nutrients. Assuming that the incorporation of 33% of sheep manure (EO) and lower concentrations of coffee grounds (BC) provides ideal conditions for the production of tree species seedlings, we raise the following hypotheses: a) that in the substrate containing 33% EO Moringa Oleifera Lam seedlings Will show greater initial development; b) that in low concentrations of coffee grounds (BC) the seedlings would show greater initial development. If this is true, higher values are expected: leaf area (AF), leaf dry matter content (TMSF), stem (TMSC) and root (TMSR) and total (TMST), height (H), stem diameter (DC ) and root length (CR) in the substrate containing 33% EO and in the lowest doses of BC. The experiment was conducted from May 30 to August 1, 2019 in a greenhouse at the Embrapa Tabuleiro Costeiro unit, located at the Center for Engineering and Agricultural Sciences - CECA / UFAL, Rio Largo, AL, Brazil, the design was entirely carried out randomized (DIC) with 7 treatments: T0 - 100% solo (control); T1 - soil + 10% sheep manure; T2 - soil + 20% sheep manure; T3 - soil + 33% of sheep manure; T4 - soil + 10% coffee grounds; T5 - soil + 20% coffee grounds; T6 - soil + 33% coffee grounds, with five repetitions, totaling 35 polyethylene bags, with a volume of 3 liters. To answer our hypotheses, we performed quadratic and cubic regression analyzes, adopting a 5% significance level, by demonstrating a direct concentration relationship with the substrates with the evaluated parameters. Contrary to expectations, the seedlings produced on both substrates do not have higher values for AF, TMSF, TMSC, TMSR, TMST, H, DC and CR. In relation to the substrate containing EO, this may have occurred due to the fact that its use in higher concentrations impairs its decomposition and consequently the availability of nutrients for the plants. The probable explanation for this result in the substrate containing BC, is that its “in natura” use acidifies the soil and slows the mineralization of nutrients, so it is suggested that before its incorporation into the substrate, it must be previously composted, and that is why it proved harmful at all levels of concentration.

Keyword: Coffee grounds; Sheep manure; Reforestation.