Revisão por pares aberta na literatura Ibero-Americana

Abstract

Open peer review is one of the practices of scientific publishing in the context of open science. It comprises peer review of research with some level of openness, from revealing the identities of the actors involved in the process of evaluating manuscripts received by scientific journals to publishing the reviewers’ opinions together with the articles, or even allowing the contribution of any member of society, expert or layman. However, the process of opening the evaluation, as well as all aspects of scientific communication, is inserted in a context of conflicts and disputes between the public and private interests of scientific knowledge, making it necessary to develop studies that seek to outline an open overview of peer review. Considering the global and regional implications. In this sense, the research aims to understand the development of Ibero-American knowledge on open peer review, through the analysis of its scientific production. To this end, a bibliographic and descriptive research was carried out, with a sample of 20 editorials and 23 articles on open peer review, published between 2002 and 2021, retrieved from databases with wide coverage in Ibero-America. The documents were analyzed in the light of domain analysis from the bibliometric, terminological, epistemological and critical dimensions of the documents. Data analysis revealed that Brazil and Information Science stand out as a country and area of knowledge at the center of the Ibero-American debate on open evaluation. The terminological analysis demonstrates wide use of the term “open peer review” by the domain, indicating a distance from the Brazilian Thesaurus of Information Science that indicates the term “peer review” as appropriate for the evaluation of scientific publications and their modalities. In addition, the terms used for the advantages and disadvantages of open review point to quality and transparency as great potentialities of the practice, while they may reveal a utilitarian discourse of the Ibero-American scientific community about the openness of peer review as the terms recognition, impartiality and agility. In epistemological and critical analyses, the domain presents definitions of open evaluation inconsistently, in addition to using foreign sources as a theoretical basis, even though there are sources on the subject published in the region. In this sense, the domain demonstrates na epistemological dependence on countries of the global North. Despite the important Ibero-American role in the development of open science, there are few studies and evidence on open peer review. Therefore, the study presents the possibility of contributing to the reflections of Information Science regarding scientific communication systems and in the foundation of future studies regarding the peer review process in Ibero America, in order to advance in the production of more transparent and more reliable applicability of knowledge.