Análise de risco à saúde humana por uso do solo contaminado por chorume na área do antigo lixão de Maceió-AL

Abstract

The environmental liabilities generated by open-air dumps activities in which there is no compliance to minimize environmental impacts, characterize today one of the biggest problems for societies and governments with regard to the contamination of the physical environment. The old dump in Maceió-AL, located in the Jacarecica neighborhood, in a total area of 22 hectares, operated from 1967 to 2010, receiving solid and percolated waste in its soil without the proper treatment to protect soil and groundwater. Despite the closure of its activities, the slurry generated by the waste was not properly treated, exposing the residents of its surroundings to the conditions generated by the environmental liability, as it causes the accumulation of metals in soils, sediments, groundwater and surface water, in the atmosphere and, finally, in humans and animals through the ingestion of water and food and the inhalation of suspended particles. In order to identify the mentioned impacts, qualitative environmental impact assessment methodologies are used, capable of identifying the problems that directly affect the physical environment, the biotic environment and the anthropic environment. In this study, the checklist and environmental impact assessment matrix methodologies (based on the Leopold matrix) were applied, generating a list of the environmental impacts observed in the study area. From the occurrence of environmental impacts resulting from the operation of na open-air dump, techniques were developed that allowed a quantification of the damage to human health arising from such activities. To quantify the toxicological and carcinogenic risks to which residents who are occupying the surroundings of the old dump in Maceió-AL are subjected, through the use of local water by collection wells for various purposes, the RBCAToolkit for Chemical tool was used comparing data from the worksheets for Risk Assessment in Contaminated Areas under Investigation, prepared by CETESB. Releases, by comparing data from the Worksheets for Risk Assessment in Contaminated Areas under Investigation, prepared by CETESB, resulting in alert indices for the local population, since the results of the quantified risks presented values greater than the maximum permissible. Currently, although the north coast of Maceió-AL has an area contaminated by leachate representing risks to human health, the scenic look due to its location on the coastal coast, stands out to the interests of real estate speculation, making the area attractive to urban expansion. This situation demonstrates the need for a more detailed investigation into the impacts in the area.