Mesofauna invertebrada do solo no ecossistema manguezal, em Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas

Abstract

The mangrove is an ecosystem with high ecological and economic importance and the determination of the population and diversity of soil invertebrates is of great importance, as they are bioindicator organisms, which respond to changes in the environment, it can be na instrument that allows assessing the quality this mangrove ecosystem. The objective of the research was to evaluate the edaphic mesofauna taxonomic groups present differences in abundance and richness between the studied areas (Agricultural Cultivation, Degraded, Transition - Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge, and Mangrove), and how the edaphoclimatic elements influence these variables, in Marechal Deodoro, Alagoas. The research was carried out in May and June 2019 in areas with different types of land use, located in the Estuarine-Lagunar Mundaú/Manguaba Complex (CELMM). For the sampling of the mesofauna, ten soil samples were collected in the four areas, using metallic rings with dimensions of 4.8 cm in diameter and 5 cm, at a depth of 0-5 cm, which was taken to the Berlese-Tullgren extractor battery to the extraction of organisms from the soil. The captured organisms with a length between 0.2 and 2 mm, were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol and underwent the process of identification and counting, with the aid of a binocular magnifying glass, identification key, and specialist help. Abundance and richness, as well as diversity and equability, were evaluated by the Shannon (H) and Pielou (e) ecological indices. Soil temperature measurements were also carried out and soil water content determinations were made at a depth of 0-10 cm. For data analysis, they were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homoscedasticity (Fligner Test), and the hypotheses were tested by submitting the data to Spearman correlation estimates, Kruskal-Wallis analysis and post-hoc test of Dunn, performed using RStudio software, using R version 4.1.0, the packages: dplyr, and rstatix, Hmisc, the corrplot function, and the GGally package. The most abundant soil mesofauna taxonomic groups are Acarina and Collembola, indicated by the low values of the Shannon and Pielou indices, reflecting lower diversity and equability; The greatest wealth of taxonomic groups is found in the Transition areas – (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) and Mangrove and the highest abundance in the Degraded area; The abundance and richness of mesofauna organisms are directly correlated with soil temperature, confirmed by Spearman's correlation estimates. Soil water content does not have a significant influence; A richness of taxonomic groups is difference between the áreas Agricultural Cultivation and Transition (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge), already the abundance of organisms does not differ in the four areas Agricultural Cultivation, Degraded, Transition (Civil Construction/Mangrove Edge) and Mangrove.