Estudo dos constituintes voláteis e atividades antioxidante e microbiológica dos extratos de própolis vermelha de Alagoas

Abstract

Phytochemical investigations using the red propolis from Alagoas (PVA) have made it possible to identify several classes of compounds in their composition, but their volatile composition is not yet well known. The work aimed to extract the essential oil of red propolis (OEPV), to characterize the extracts physically-chemically: ethanolic extract of red propolis (EEPV), ethanolic extract of red propolis sludge (EEBPV), aqueous extract of red propolis (EAPV) and the OEPV of the state of Alagoas, assessing their biological activities. Physical-chemical research, antioxidant activity, chromatographic and phytochemical profile analysis by GC-MS, extraction by Headspace and UPLC-DAD and evaluation of antibacterial activity against the strains Staphlococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphlococcus epidermidis CCCD-S010, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 14942. It was observed in the physical-chemical analyzes that the extracts EEPV, EEBPV, EAPV and OEPV are within the standards recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA), with respective values of 216.1, 272.93, 188.37 and 713.95 mg EAG.g-1 for phenols and 25.3, 20.1 and 27.3 mg EQ.g-1 for total flavonoids. The anti-toxicity activity of the extracts showed IC50 values of 11.88 μg/mL for EEPV, 13.81 μg/mL for EEBPV, 18.81 μg/mL for EAPV and 64.20 μg/mL for OEPV. Analysis by CG-EM and extraction by Headspace showed the presence of phenolic compounds such as anethole and methyleneugenol. UPLC-DAD showed the presence of flavonoids present in red propolis in EEPV, EEBPV and EAPV. In the tests of antimicrobial activity, the extracts EEPV, EEBPV and OEPV presented MIC > 1000 μg/mL Against the strains tested, whereas the EAPV presented activity against S. aureus (MIC 250 μg/mL), S. epidermidis (MIC 500 μg/mL), P. aeruginosa (MIC 1000 μg/mL) and E. coli (MIC 500 μg/mL). Thus, it was possible to conclude that the unprecedented results are promising and offer a basis for expanding the scope of research with red propolis, observing in the extracts physical-chemical characteristics, chromatographic and phytochemical profiles similar, with characteristics of a good quality red propolis.