Análise de lesão por pressão em indivíduos acometidos por COVID-19: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Patients who develop the most severe form of COVID-19 and are hospitalized in the ICU, intubated under invasive mechanical ventilation, have a higher risk of developing pressure injuries due to clinical and hemodynamic impairment, in addition to bed immobility and decreased sensory perception. Objective: To analyze the published scientific evidence on pressure injury in individuals with COVID-19. Method: Integrative review, with search in the databases: BDENF, Web of Science, PubMed Central, LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase. Five studies were selected. Results: The analyzed articles addressed the theme "pressure injury in individuals affected by COVID-19", highlighting the role of the nursing team, showing risk factors for the development of pressure injury, the most affected areas, prevention, challenges for treatment in the pandemic scenario, in addition to the risks and benefits that the prona position brings to patients who need to be submitted to it. Conclusion: Patients who developed the most severe form of the infection needed to be submitted to the prona position in order to improve oxygenation. On the other hand, we highlight the increased incidence of pressure injury mainly in the facial region, due to the impossibility of changing decubitus during pronation.