Elementos e fatores climáticos que afetam a agricultura em Água Branca, AL

Abstract

Agriculture is an activity that is intrinsically linked to the development of humanity. Each civilization managed to master this technique and adapt it as best as possible to ensure its existence. Among the various factors that contribute to a good harvest, the climate is one of the most fundamental elements, especially for crops. Given the above, this study sought to observe the main factors that most favor subsistence agriculture in the municipality of Água Branca, as well as to point out the misfortunes that most harm the plantations. The methodology used to carry out this research was organized through a bibliographic survey, and from the experience in loco, with fieldwork, in order to dialogue with farmers about the conditions in which their crops are find and understand what are the difficulties that bother them the most. As a result, it was noticed that most farmers are not properly instructed, the planting techniques used do not favor the expansion of their production, a fact that justifies subsistence agriculture as the only alternative. The micro climate of the mountainous region of the municipality of Água Branca favors the plantations of various crops such as corn, beans, cassava, vegetables, etc. The most favorable soils for crops are found in the intermediation of mountain slopes, most farmers take advantage of flatter areas, as they are more favorable to cultivate. In addition to the action of extreme natural weather events, such as El Niño and La Niña, soil preparation is one of the greatest difficulties encountered by field workers, since the planting of diferente crops on the same land, year after year, have caused soil infertility. However, it was concluded that the municipality of Água Blanca is endowed with great agricultural potential, as most of its territorial extension is made up of rural areas. The lack of information and public policies that help the small farmer is a negative factor for the economic development of the municipality.