Análise do conceito de smart city a partir de prospecção patentária e projetos estratégicos da cidade de Maceió

Abstract

Through a bibliographic review on the term smart city, it was possible to present why its applicability and the gains promoted for society through public management are so important. Specifically, this work contributes to a discussion on the main concepts adopted for smart cities, which are the main pillars adopted, criteria for ranking these cities and main global examples. It was noticed by the literature that the concepts are still very associated with information and communication technology, digital communication, audiovisual technology and structural science such as civil engineering. The main pillars listed in the literature were quality of life, economy, public management, environment and sustainability, mobility and transport, urban planning and technological aspects. Model cities present in countries such as Korea, United Arab Emirates, Holland, United States, Australia, China and Spain, were able to show that the basic pillars for the characterization of a smart city, listed above, can give priority to a certain characteristic over another depending on the social, environmental, economic and cultural characteristics of each country, that is, the development needs are different for each culture. Based on these premises, a prospective study was carried out based on patents on the Orbit Intelligence platform, with 4270 patents associated with 6122 areas (IPCs - International Patent Classification, that is, a patent document can be associated with more than an IPC). The main leaders in worldwide patent filings were China, Korea, European Office (organization), United States, WIPO / WIPO, India, Japan, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, France and Ireland. In Brazil, only 3 deposits were found, showing the need to disseminate this concept and to associate it with the developed technologies. From these results, it was possible to delimit as areas traditionally associated with the term smart city, being 1134 sequentially in the area of Telecommunications, 1029 in Digital Communication, 841 in Control, 630 in IT Methods for management, 508 in Energy, apparatus and electrical machines, 429 in Computational Technology, 294 in Civil Engineering, 234 in Measurement and 230 in Audiovisual Technology, totaling 87% of the documents found. Of the 13% less pronounced, 70% of the documents were associated with Environmental Technology with 153 association, Other special machines with 109, Transport with 95, Mechanical elements with 83, Chemical engineering with 55 and Thermal processes and devices with 54, realizing that in the most diverse technological areas there may be products of interest to smart cities, which could be associated with these technologies to their current demands. Outstanding sectors, these areas were water and wastewater treatment, special garbage collection, devices for agricultural application (cultivation, irrigation, harvesting and debarking), circuits and materials for application in electromobility, elements and details in television systems, technology photovoltaic and associated elements and heating and cooling systems. Regarding Maceió, it was noticed that there is a lot to develop in the scope of smart cities, and certainly, the implementation of the Innovation Law, Municipal Law No. 6,902.26 of July 2019 (still immature) and the Maceió Project: Smart city, should propose increasing administrative measures in order to list all the above-mentioned pillars and aiming to improve the quality of life of Maceió.