Energia eólica e o meio ambiente: o estudo das implicações socioespaciais no Alto Sertão Baiano.

Abstract

The development of this work took place with the purpose of studying the aspects associated with the impacts that this type of enterprise causes to the environment, bringing as discussion an analysis of fauna, flora and socio-environmental issues, emphasizing Bahia, with a more indepth study on the southwestern region, where the Alto Sertão I, II and III Wind Complex comprises the municipalities of Guanambi, Caetité and Igaporã. The research started from the following problem: if wind energy is considered clean energy, because it does not burn fóssil fuels and does not emit pollutants, why then are wind farms not totally devoid of environmental impacts? In this way, the general objective was to analyze the main strategies used by the managers involved with the issues of socio-environmental responsibility to reach the levels of sustainability in the phase of implantation and operation of a wind farm. For this, research was carried out in national and international publications, in addition to technical visits to the Wind farm, as well as interviews with the local community directly involved with the project. It is known that the production of electric energy from the winds today is an economic activity, whose implanted exploitation model causes numerous problems directly affecting people's quality of life. Contributing more and more to expand a phenomenon that already affects na important part of the Northeast territory: desertification. Bringing reflections on the advantages and disadvantages in the implementation and operation of the wind farm. However, for the community, other relevant benefits were identified, such as increased revenue from land leasing, visibility of the community as a reference in energy generation, improvements that the city received through compensatory measures and especially for keeping traditional activities practically unchanged since the fields continue to be productive, even with the installation of equipment, in raising cattle and cultivating agriculture.