Desempenho de variedades e híbridos intervarietais de milho sob condições de superadensamento para produção de forragem e de grãos

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is the most produced grain in the world, being one of the most cultivated cereals in the entire Brazilian territory. In the 2020/2021 harvest, Brazil has na estimated production of 105.2 million tons with an expected average productivity of 5.69 t.ha-1 (CONAB, 2021). In Alagoas, corn is a cereal widely consumed in both human and animal feed, being grown in 73.5% of the municipalities in Alagoas. In the 2020/2021 harvest, it occupied the penultimate position among the states of the Northeast region, with 100,000 tons, and presented one of the lowest yields in the country, around 0.6 t.ha-1 (CONAB, 2021). In view of this, this work aims to evaluate the performance of corn genotypes under conditions of high planting density in the conditions of climate and soil in the municipality of Paripueira - Alagoas. The test was carried out from April to August 2018, in the experimental area of Fazenda Jussara of Empresa PV Sementes Ltda. - EPP, located in the Rural Zone, Paripueira - Alagoas. Eleven corn genotypes were evaluated, among cultivars and / or experimental populations with free pollination and comercial and experimental hybrids. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments (corn genotypes) and three replications, totaling 33 experimental plots. Each experimental plot consisted of four rows of 5 m in length. The total area of the plot was 14.00 m2 for the spacing of 0.70 m x 0.143 m (totaling 99,900 plants / hectare). considering the two central lines as a useful area, leaving the two plants at the ends of each line as a border. The present work allowed us to conclude that: a) The local genotypes PV1 BRANCA, PV2 VIÇOSENSE, BRANQUINHA, NORDESTINO, JABRA, JABRANQ, JAVI and JANOR, are the best characteristics for plant biometrics. b) The free pollination experimental population BRANQUINHA presented the highest yield of forage production and the best bromatological characteristics of the forage. c) The free-pollinated cultivar PV1 BRANCA, the experimental intervarietal hybrids JAVI and JANOR and the control POTIGUAR showed the best characteristics for ear biometrics. d) The local genotypes PV1 BRANCA, PV2 VIÇOSENSE, BRANQUINHA, NORDESTINO, JABRA, JABRANQ, JAVI and JANOR are preferred for grain production because they have a higher production of forage.