A tendência da materialização da Politica de Humanização–PNH no Brasil, nos anos 2018 e 2019

Abstract

This qualitative and quantitative work studies the National Humanization Policy – PNH in Brazil. It aims to identify the trend towards the materialization of the National Humanization Policy in Brazil, in the period 2018 and 2019, in the Southeast and Northeast regions. Documentary research was used as a methodological procedure, whose source is the empirical material that constitutes the corpus of the research, specifically the documents that make up the socio-legal framework, such as the Federal Constitution of 1988, Law No. 8080, of September 19, 1990 and the manuals and notebooks that guide the National Humanization Policy, as well as the Humanization experience reports in health present on the HumanizaSUS Network website, from the period 2018-2019. In order to unveil the overt and hidden meanings in the documents (reports), Content Analysis was used, based on the studies of Lawrence Bardin (2004), adopting the Thematic Analysis. The analytical trajectory initially deals with the Unified Health System – SUS, highlighting the 8th Health Conference, in 1985, and its relevance in the construction of the SUS by building the doctrinal body and the political proposals of the Brazilian Health Reform. It demonstrates that the promulgation of the Federal Constitution of 1988 was a watershed in redefining the priorities of state policy in the area of public health. In it, the SUS is created and health is finally recognized as a right of all and a duty of the State. The study also highlights the fact that, as of 2016, ultra-neoliberal measures have led the country to suffer a series of setbacks and attacks on social and labor rights, highlighting the approval of PEC 55, which instituted a " new fiscal regime" restricting primary public spending for 20 years, aimed at fundamental rights such as health, education and social assistance. In a second moment, the analytical trajectory rescues the emergence of the National Humanization Policy - PNH, created in 2003, showing that it had its kick-off with the implementation of the National Program for the Humanization of Hospital Care (PNHAH), whose end it was the creation of humanization committees aimed at improving the quality of care for users and, later, for workers in the hospital environment. The investigation concludes that the trend towards materializing the National Humanization Policy in Brazil in the Years 2018 to 2019 is the predominance of actions aimed at Training and Intervention, whose central axis is the construction of Humanization actions in health. It also reveals that, in a scenario marked by the ultra-neoliberal policy of the Michel Temer and Jair Bolsonaro governments, the materialization of the PNH becomes a strategy used to make up the public health crisis, resorting to calming and punctual actions, centered on subjectivities, that neither address nor address the root of the problem, which is structural, and whose end is its commodification.