Sistematização, criação e validação de design de aplicativo sobre orientações e acompanhamento de puérperas pós-cesárea com residentes de enfermagem obstétrica

Abstract

Introduction: Obstetric care in the postpartum period goes beyond hospitalization, also encompassing care during the puerperium after hospital discharge. This continuous monitoring is essential for promoting maternal health, preventing complications, and helping women adapt to the puerperal period, ensuring comprehensive and qualified care. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), surgical site infections (SSIs) are an important cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The interaction between the knowledge of the preceptor and the obstetric nursing resident is essential to transform the educational process, covering cognitive, attitudinal, and competency aspects, allowing content, strategies, and resources to be aligned with the demands of contemporary education. The guidelines provided to postpartum women are fragile and superficial, which compromises women's understanding. The role of nurses in providing guidance that enables postpartum women to recognize qualified care and develop autonomy for self-care is highlighted. Objective: To understand the monitoring and educational practice of Obstetric Nursing residents at the discharge of postcesarean patients. Methodology: The research was conducted at the reference Maternity School of Maceió, Study, with a qualitative approach of the action research type. Four Investigative Teaching Sequences (SEI) were developed, with the participation of Obstetric Nursing residents, aiming at the qualification of the guidance provided to postpartum women at the time of hospital discharge after cesarean delivery. The first sequence (SEI 1) aimed to identify the practices and guidelines adopted by residents, using the brainstorming technique in its creative phase, in which content related to self-care, warning signs and hygiene of the surgical wound emerged. The critical phase allowed collective reflection and the identification of gaps and needs for cultural adaptation in the guidelines. In SEI 2, educational products were developed based on the information collected. Sample: Obstetric nursing residents. Analysis: Bardin content analysis was used. Results: The educational products emphasize the importance of humanization and clarity in the guidance provided to postpartum women. A systematic mapping was developed, as well as a Practical Guide to Postpartum Care application that addresses postcesarean guidance; warning signs and possible complications; surgical wound care and hygiene; self-care and prevention and encouragement of breastfeeding; and a flowchart for active search for surgical site infection. Discussion: The post-cesarean puerperium requires humanized and systematized guidance, with the essential support of health professionals to promote safe recovery, prevent complications, and ensure the physical and emotional well-being of the postpartum woman. Conclusion: The standardization of guidance, combined with the use of didactic tools, strengthens educational practice and promotes safer and more humanized care, contributing to the training of residents and the quality of obstetric care. The collaborative construction of educational materials, such as applications and flowcharts, contributed to improving communication and self-care for patients. The implementation of a structured postdischarge surveillance system can improve the care provided, allowing for more reliable rates of complications, such as infections, and contributing to the continuous improvement of health services.