Agenesia dentária e má oclusão: da etiologia às repercussões clínicas e recursos terapêuticos

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tooth agenesis, characterized by the congenital absence of one or more teeth, is one of the most prevalent dental anomalies in the population, with significant functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial implications. OBJECTIVE: To conduct an integrative literature review on the relationship between tooth agenesis and malocclusion, highlighting prevalence, main clinical manifestations, and available therapeutic approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Scientific articles were selected from the PubMed, SciELO, and BVS databases, published between 2014 and 2024, using the descriptors “anodontia,” “malocclusion,” and “therapeutics.” Studies in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, provided they addressed the influence of tooth agenesis on malocclusions and on the therapeutic options used or suggested. RESULTS: The findings indicate that tooth agenesis is frequently associated with Angle Class II and III malocclusions, alterations in eruption sequences, dental arch discrepancies, and facial disharmony. Early diagnosis through clinical and radiographic examinations is essential for treatment planning. Therapeutic options vary depending on the case and may include orthodontic space closure, tooth reanatomization, use of prostheses, or implants. CONCLUSION: Tooth agenesis requires an interdisciplinary and individualized approach aimed at achieving both functional and aesthetic rehabilitation for the patient.