Assistência hospitalar de enfermagem à gestante com pielonefrite: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy is a very common occurrence, affecting approximately 10% to 12% of pregnant women, due to the anatomical, hormonal, and physiological changes inherent to this period. Early diagnosis through prenatal screening, combined with appropriate treatment based on urine culture and antibiogram, is fundamental to preventing complications. In cases of pyelonephritis, treatment should occur in a hospital setting, with the use of intravenous antibiotics and rigorous monitoring, reinforcing the importance of qualified care for the promotion of maternal-fetal health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze publications in databases on nursing care in the hospital setting for pregnant women with pyelonephritis. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review, descriptive and with a qualitative approach. The acronyms of the PICo strategy were used, which were used concomitantly with keywords and descriptors. The following terms were used: P (population) – pregnant women with pyelonephritis; I (intervention) – care strategies; and Co (context) – hospital setting. Thus, the following guiding question was formulated: “How should hospital nursing care be provided to pregnant women diagnosed with pyelonephritis?” The literature search was conducted in the following scientific databases: Scopus, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). RESULTS: 1,167 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 947 were removed, leaving 220 articles. After reading the title and abstract, 31 remained for analysis. Subsequently, 15 studies were excluded for not meeting the research objectives, leaving 5 articles selected for analysis. A prevalence of studies was observed in the year 2024, accounting for approximately 40% of the total (n=2); followed by the years 2021, 2025, and 2026, with 1 article each (20%). Regarding language, there were 3 studies in Spanish, 2 in Portuguese, and none in English. Analysis of the results showed that all articles highlighted that hospital nursing care for pregnant women diagnosed with pyelonephritis should be based on quality and holistic nursing care. CONCLUSION: Nursing care in the hospital setting for pregnant women with pyelonephritis is based on the practical application of theoretical and methodological frameworks specific to the profession, structured from two main perspectives: the Nursing Care System (SAE) as a care management tool, responsible for providing autonomy, safety, and scientific rigor to the actions of the nursing team in the hospital setting, and Nursing Theory, which directs towards a holistic, humanized clinical approach focused on the particularities of the pregnancy cycle.