Boas práticas na assistência em enfermagem durante o puerpério imediato: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a unique and special experience in the life of a woman and her partner, in which family and friends are also part of the process. Being pregnant goes far beyond simply giving birth to a child, as during this phase a woman needs to cope with various psychological, somatic, biological, and social changes that can greatly influence her daily relationships. In this context, the postpartum period stands out as an active phase of the pregnancy-postpartum cycle. Objective: To analyze in the literature the practices in nursing care during the immediate postpartum period. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, corresponding to a research method whose approach aims to facilitate and improve the collection, extraction, analysis, and synthesis of data. The research question was constructed based on the PICo strategy, considering the acronyms P (population) postpartum women, I (intervention) nursing care, and Co (research context) immediate postpartum period. Thus, the guiding question was defined as: ―What are the best practices in nursing care during the immediate postpartum period?‖ This formulation guided the entire process of searching for and selecting studies relevant to the topic. The search was conducted in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Nursing Database (BDENF) databases via the Virtual Health Library (BVS), and PubMed. Results: The database search resulted in the selection of 413 articles; of these, 326 were excluded after filtering using the inclusion criteria, and two others were excluded for being duplicates, leaving 88 articles. After reading titles and abstracts, 83 articles were excluded for not being in accordance with the research objective. Subsequently, 2 articles were excluded after full reading for not answering the research question, leaving 3 articles that proceeded to analysis. The articles highlighted the importance of health education about the postpartum period during pregnancy, how pain relief can affect a woman's life during the postpartum period, and the implementation of the Nursing Care Systematization to provide comprehensive and humanized care. Conclusion: Good nursing practices during the immediate postpartum period encompass knowledge about the period faced by the postpartum woman, the importance of humanizing care for the woman and her family, the systematization of care for the mother-baby dyad, encouragement of breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby, intervention for pain relief, and addressing insecurities through active listening.