Métodos de propagação da jaqueira (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

The jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), a species native to Asia, is a fruit tree that is very popular in northeastern Brazil due to its large, aromatic and tasty fruits. In addition to its use in human and animal food, the species has potential in the timber and pharmaceutical industries. Despite its cultural importance and wide dispersion throughout the Brazilian territory, jackfruit cultivation is still directed towards subsistence agriculture and its seedlings are mostly disseminated through seeds. To reach the level of commercial cultivation, propagation techniques need to be studied and adapted to the species and the conditions of the Brazilian environment. In this sense, the objective of this work was to identify promising propagation methods for jackfruit cultivation, based on the systematic review of national and international studies on jackfruit tree seedlings and different propagation methods applied to the species found on the Google Scholar and CAPES Journal Portal platforms. Therefore, 52 studies were selected and evaluated, which dealt with seed germination and the initial development of jackfruit tree seedlings, grafting methods, micropropagation, cuttings and air layering applied to the species. The results demonstrated that, in all propagation methods, both the genetic factors of the species and its varieties, as well as the treatments and environmental conditions, such as doses of growth regulators, substrate composition, percentage of shading, water salinity content, among others, has influence on the development of seedlings submitted to vegetative propagation methods. In addition, it was observed that the method most applied to jackfruit tree was the grafting method. However, the results of the studies that evaluated the micropropagation, cuttings and air layering methods also confirmed the possibility of applying these methods in its propagation.