Actinobactérias: fatores abióticos e produção de enzimas

Abstract

Actinobacteria have several physiological and metabolic properties, such as the production of biologically active secondary metabolite compounds, the production of enzymatic systems, the synthesis of substances and antagonism to other microrganisms. The production of enzymes involved in the degradation of organic materials, the biotransformation of substrates and other biological functions is particularly noteworthy. Microorganisms adapted to the most diverse environments produce a series of secondary metabolites that aid in their survival, and can produce compounds that resist high thermal conditions and water shortages. These characteristics arouse great interest in the biotechnology industry. The objective of this study was to identify, through a review, information on the enzymatic production of actinobacteria and the influence of abiotic factors along with their potential for biotechnological applications. The results showed that actinobacteria are capable of producing a range of enzymes, including amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease. They are also capable of maintaining enzymatic activity under stress from abiotic factors such as different pHs, NaCl levels and temperatures, enhancing the biotechnological application of their extracellular enzymes. One of the main applications of these enzymes is in animal nutrition, where proteases, amylases, cellulases and other enzymes have been used to increase the digestibility of ingredients, improving the use of nutrients and reducing the environmental impacts of livestock production. Keywords: Microbial Enzymes; Abiotic Factors in Microbial Production; Use of Enzymes in Animal Feed.