Os impactos gerados em Canindé de São Francisco/SE pela construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Xingó: uma abordagem ambiental

Abstract

With globalization and the development of the second phase of the industrial revolution comes a demand for electricity. With great hydroelectric potential, Brazil began to take advantage of its natural resources in order to meet the country's energy demand. Using the discourse of local development, government bodies began building dams. Water reservoirs were built in order to generate hydroelectric power. As a result, major environmental impacts were created, which until today have been silenced in the name of progress and to the detriment of the concept of hydroelectric power as clean and sustainable. This only makes us reflect on the importance of our study, which even though it is at the level of a Course Conclusion Paper (TCC), aims to broaden research on the subject by highlighting the environmental impacts involved in the historical processes in question. In this scenario, the general aim of this research is to address and analyze the impacts generated in the municipality of Canindé de São Francisco in Sergipe by the construction of the Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant, with emphasis on its historical trajectory and its main environmental effects. The specific objectives are: to contextualize the history of Canindé de São Francisco/SE, to highlight the transformations that have taken place in the city over time, and to elucidate the environmental impacts generated in the municipality by the construction of the Xingó Hydroelectric Power Plant. Based on a qualitative approach (Martins, 2004), we used a review of previous works (Santos, 2019; Vieira, 2019; Serra; Oliveira, 2020) related to the topic to make a bibliographical assessment (Sousa.; Oliveira, et la. 2021; Köch, 2008). This survey of scientific papers revealed some results in our investigation: there were several environmental problems caused by the implementation of the Xingó Plant in Canindé de São Francisco/SE, including worsening water quality, difficulty in reproduction in the ichthyofauna leading to the disappearance of some species, as well as silting up and reducing the flow of the São Francisco River.