Produção de soja em áreas anteriormente ocupadas por cana-de-açúcar na zona da mata alagoana

Abstract

The production of grains such as soybeans (the most important agricultural commodity in Brazilian agribusiness) presents itself as a promising alternative in the Zona da Mata of Alagoas due to the decline in sugarcane cultivation caused by the bankruptcy and closure of sugarcane-producing plants. sugar and alcohol. Soybean production in the region is still very insignificant due to the lack of information on cultivation techniques, production potential andcultivars adapted to the region's environmental characteristics. The objective of thisresearch is to analyze the development, growth and productivity of agricultural crops aimed at grain production in the Zona da Mata Alagoana. Two field experiments were installed, the first corresponded to rainfed cultivation, managed from 06/20/2019 to 10/28/2019, applying an experimental design in randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications, totaling twenty-eight four experimental plots where the source of variation were soybean cultivars (AS 3730, BMX POTÊNCIA, BRS 9383, M 6210, M 6410 and M 8349). The second experiment evaluated an irrigated crop under a randomized block experimental design, in a split-plot scheme and treatments corresponding to two soybean cultivars (M 8644 and M8349) and application depths of 35, 70, 105, 140, 175 and 210% of ETC (crop evapotranspiration). Supervision management was based on the crop's decennial water balance carried out using the method of Thorntwaite and Mather (1955), with meteorological data on rainfall (P), air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH) and evapotranspiration of reference (ET0) provided by the Agrometeorology and Irrigation Laboratory (LIA) of CECA/UFAL. The first cultivation, the average temperature between 22.0 and 30.5 °C, with an average of 25.7 °C, Evapotranspiration averaged 4.42 mm/day, totaling 552.90 mm, total rainfall was 234 .80 mm and the additional additional was 345.82 mm. In the second cycle, the average temperature was 23.2°C and the average evapotranspiration was 3.5 mm, totaling 398.8 mm. Total rainfall was 573.6 mm, with excess water of 164 mm due to intense rains in July. In summary, both periods with low temperatures for the development of soybean crops and sufficient water availability, with variation in water demand over time.