Espaços livres urbanos: construção e aplicação do Índice de Qualidade de Parques Urbanos (IQPU) em Aracaju/SE

Abstract

It is important to understand the existing challenges in order to seek a more sustainable urban life, at least in economic, social and environmental aspects, as provided for in the sustainability tripod and which allows meeting the desires of society in its socio-environmental relations. Inserted in these relations are urban parks, which contribute to ecosystem services, generating positive impacts, among others, for leisure, recreation, tourism, scientific information, between others). Considering what has been exposed, this research this research has the general objective of evaluating the socio-environmental functions of the Poxim Municipal Natural Park (PNMP) in Aracaju/SE, through the construction and application of an Urban Park Quality Index (UPQI). To achieve the proposal of this study, the following methodological approach was used: Stage 01 - Bibliographic and documentary research to better understand the study theme (analysis of materials to compose the theoretical framework, such as research in legislation, journal articles, books, dissertations, theses, among others). Stage 02 - preparation of the IQPU; Stage 03 - Preparation and application of questionnaires and interviews; Stage 04 - Application and analysis of the IPQU. Among the results, it was noted that the PNMP acts in the socioenvironmental contribution through: conservation and protection of biodiversity; potential spaces for leisure, recreation and Environmental Education of the population; and promotion of ecosystem services. However, it is worth noting that in the PNMP there is irregular occupation in APP; incorrect disposal of solid waste; lack of PNMP signage; effluents released directly into the Poxim River; lack of delimitation of APP (Permanent Preservation Areas) and the PNMP area. Thus, the PNMP UPQI totaled 33.2%, whose classification is unsatisfactory. When analyzing the indicators of each Landscape Unit (UP) of the PNMP, it was found that the São Conrado UP comprises a challenging scenario, with an indicator of approximately 30%; the Inácio Barbosa UP is in better condition, among the three UP analyzed, with an indicator of approximately 55%; and UP Farolândia (with intense real estate pressure and with a greater number of analyzed sections) has an indicator of approximately 23%. Finally, this study effectively contributes to knowledge in the field of Architecture and Urbanism because it helps in understanding the relationship between the environment and the quality of urban life through an integrated approach that goes beyond the creation of items aimed at public policy action, but also provides an analysis of how urban spaces can be designed and managed more effectively and that involves users, since the use of public space is essential to foster greater socioenvironmental justice. It is expected that this research will assist in the urban planning of Aracaju/SE, through more sustainable uses of Public Open Spaces and that the information cited here will be a gateway for inspiration and new research in the area.