Energia solar em Maceió: estudo da implantação, evolução e custos de instalação

Abstract

Solar energy is an alternative, renewable and sustainable source of energy that comes from electromagnetic radiation (light and heat) emitted daily by the sun. This energy can be used by different technologies, such as solar heaters, photovoltaic panels and heliothermal (or thermosolar) plants. Among the alternative energy sources, the photovoltaic solar generation has been gaining prominence due to its low emission of pollutants, the need for little maintenance and, mainly, for generating local energy, promoting sustainability. Thus, this work aimed to make an analysis of the evolution of photovoltaic solar energy in Maceió, presenting data on the sector, for a better understanding of the inclusion of this market in the economy and improving the quality of life of users. Systematic bibliographical research was used as methodology, by means of surveys of databases, websites specialising in solar energy, among others. Through data collection and using graphs and tables, it was possible to show the development in the sector, taking as a reference for analysis, a hypothetical user of a single-family residence. From the analysis of the customer's monthly consumption (approximately 500 kWh), it was possible to simulate a photovoltaic system, comparing budgets between the years 2021 and 2023. The results showed a 15.75% reduction in the value of the equipment, when comparing the prices between 2021 and 2023, as well as, a reduction around 13.15% when considering the total amount paid by the customer, respectively R$ 18,424.30 and R$ 16,002.92, in the stipulated period. In addition to being viable, considering the cost savings with the energy bill and the minimization of environmental impacts, demand has been growing in Alagoas. In 2022, according to Aneel data, in the state, a total of 9,274 electric energy consumer units started adopting solar energy.