Novos materiais empregados para produção de células fotovoltaicas: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Increasingly, the growth of our society has been based on the concept of sustainability. Various aspects have been developed around this theme, such as economic, social, environmental, and especially in the energy sector. In this sense, the field of research on solar cells has stood out for allowing the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, thus being considered a renewable energy source. Several materials have been developed with the aim of enhancing this process. In this work, a literature review will be conducted on such materials in order to cover the greatest possible material diversity, based on articles published from 2018 to 2023 onwards, always contextualizing the reader in each material to be discussed. Here, significant material diversity has been addressed and their characteristics and some of their properties properly compared. It was possible to observe that since 2018, great scientific and technological progress has been achieved in this direction. With the analysis of the collected data, it was observed that the CdTe material provides higher energy efficiency than the other options presented. Furthermore, it is found that the second most efficient cell is composed of CIGS and employs ultra-thin film technology for its construction. The Sb2B3 photovoltaic cell is the one with the lowest efficiency.