Análise econômica do marco regulatório na geração distribuída fotovoltaica

Abstract

In order to promote the use of distributed generation in Brazil, in 2012, the national electric energy agency (ANEEL) enabled the creation of normative resolution n.o 482, seeking to regulate its insertion into the electrical system. However, as the resolution was not supported by law, there was a need to create a document that would bring greater legal certainty. Then, on January 7, 2022, Law n.o 14.300/2022, known as the Legal Framework for Distributed Generation, was sanctioned, in which changes occurred in relation to Resolution n.o 482, with emphasis on the withdrawal of 100% compensation of the tariff components. In this sense, this work aims to discuss the impact that Law n.o 14.300 has on the economic viability of photovoltaic generation, based on a case study in the state of Alagoas. The study analyzed the consequences and attractiveness of Distributed Microgeneration projects within the scope of the Electric Energy Compensation System, considering the current proposals of the Legal Framework and the latest revision of Normative Resolution n.o 482/2012 proposed by the ANEEL. Furthermore, the work presents the main changes in the regulatory context. For the purpose of validating the analysis, two real photovoltaic systems are used, which portrayed the impacts and implications based on REN 482 and Law n.o 14.300. For this, a comparative analysis based on the data obtained was carried out. Therefore, it was concluded that despite Law n.o 14.300 impacting the financial viability of distributed generation projects - DG, investment in solar energy continues to be attractive.