Fatores associados à depressão pós-parto em mulheres que vivenciaram violência obstétrica durante a gravidez ou parto: revisão integrativa

Abstract

This study aimed to identify factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD) in women who experienced obstetric violence during pregnancy and/or childbirth. An integrative literature review was conducted across the LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases between July and August 2025. The search utilized descriptors related to pregnancy, postpartum depression, and obstetric violence, encompassing publications from 2015 to 2025. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing a significant association between mistreatment, disrespect, and obstetric violence, including verbal, psycho-emotional, and physical abuse, and the development of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. Factors such as low educational attainment, social vulnerability, lack of family support, and unplanned pregnancy increased the risk, whereas family support, humanized care, and higher education served as protective factors. Furthermore, obstetric violence negatively impacted maternal self-image and self-esteem. These findings underscore that dehumanizing practices during childbirth compromise maternal mental health and reinforce the need for public policies and professional training to ensure ethical, empathetic, and humanized obstetric care.