Práticas colaborativas em saúde na perspectiva dos preceptores de uma unidade docente-assistencial

Abstract

Collaborative practices are elements of cooperation present in the daily work of healthcare teams, which need training with theoretical and practical support on interprofessionality in order to act in an interactive and collaborative way between the various professions, with an intense exchange of knowledge and a focus on the patient and the community. Historically, the classic uniprofessional model has prevailed in training. Interprofessionality, however, is something more recent, the result of much reflection, and faces challenges to solidify it. The general aim of this study is to analyse the collaborative practices that exist in the daily lives of professionals who work in the Teaching and Care Unit (UDA) and more specifically to understand the team’s conceptions of collaborative practices, to identify those developed by the professionals, and to distinguish the team’s possible challenges in putting these practices into practice. The research was carried out at the Professor Gilberto de Macedo UDA of the Federal University of Alagoas in agreement with the Municipal Health Department of Maceió, which is home to two Family Health Strategy teams that took part. In this way, work and teaching are intertwined in this field of practice. The study used Mary Jane Spink’s Discursive Practices and the Production of Meanings as its theoretical basis. For data collection, the round table technique was used. The information was recorded and transcribed in full. A dialogic map was then constructed by categorising the speeches into four aspects: concept, actions said to be collaborative, stage of what it should be, necessary competences and inhibiting elements. The results and discussions show that the participants are partially familiar with the theoretical conceptualisation of the subject, although they had difficulties conceptualising collaborative practices clearly. They also showed that they were aware of elements that need to be present and are important in building collaborative practices, such as communication, user-centred care and active user participation. Interpersonal conflicts were mentioned as part of everyday life and showed that there are few meetings to resolve them and to plan actions in an integrated way, which makes them limiting factors. A video on the subject was presented as a product to improve understanding of the concept of collaborative practices. The research suggests deepening the theoretical basis on the subject, either through continuing education or ongoing education, to make collaborative practices more effective in the day-to-day work of professionals and to contribute to the education of the students who pass through. It was proposed that institutional leaders be sensitised to encourage CPs and that the university participate in improving preceptorship at the Gilberto de Macedo UDA.