Ensaios sobre o empreendedorismo feminino no Brasil

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes female entrepreneurship in Brazil through three essays that explore different aspects that influence women's participation in entrepreneurship. The first essay analyzes the main factors that explain gender differences in entrepreneurship in Brazil in 2019. For this, logistic regression and Fairlie decomposition are used. The database is the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) of 2019. The results reveal that, although female entrepreneurship has grown, women face greater challenges compared to men, with cultural and social barriers affecting their insertion in the entrepreneurial market. Household responsibility, income, and education are relevant factors that influence men and women differently. The second essay analyzes how individual, household, and regional characteristics influence the determinants of female entrepreneurship in rural Brazil in 2019, using the logit model, using microdata from the 2019 Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC). Specifically, the study aims to investigate the likelihood of rural women becoming entrepreneurs through agricultural and non-agricultural activities. In addition, it aims to analyze the socioeconomic and geographic factors that influence entrepreneurship in the five regions of Brazil. In addition, it aims to examine how per capita household income affects rural female entrepreneurship by income quantiles. The main results reveal that in Brazil, the chances of women becoming rural entrepreneurs are influenced by a variety of factors, including race, age, education, family size, per capita income, access to technologies, regional aspects, and government support, such as retirement, union participation, and social programs such as Bolsa Família. Finally, essay three analyzes the spatial determinants of female entrepreneurship in Brazilian municipalities. Using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (AEDE) and spatial econometric models, data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 2010 were used. The results indicate positive spatial autocorrelation, with emphasis on the South and Southeast regions. Factors such as per capita income, educational level, and urbanization significantly influence the rate of female entrepreneurship, with a greater propensity observed in urbanized areas. Additionally, neighboring municipalities share female entrepreneurial characteristics, suggesting a contagion effect. We conclude that public policies aimed at regional development and gender equality are essential to promote an inclusive and favorable environment for female entrepreneurship in Brazil.