Confrontando o desconforto: uma análise de utilização de grupos focais em assuntos sensíveis

Abstract

Introduction: Qualitative research is closely related to individuals' experiences, with the methodology of Focus Groups (FG) standing out as one of its tools. Thus, the approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome - from the perspective of mental health and decreased quality of life - is validated as a sensitive topic open to debate through the use of FGs, given its potential to create a welcoming space. Goals: To analyze the application of Focus Groups in addressing sensitive subjects. Methods: This is a cross-sectional qualitative-quantitative study that aims to understand the symptomatology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among medical students of a public university through the use of Focus Groups, as part of the research project "Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Medical Students of a Public University". In order to guide the discussion, Focus Groups were conducted using questions inspired by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short-Form 6 (SF-6D) questionnaire, which assesses quality of life. Results: The results indicate that qualitative research allows for the incorporation of more meaning to quantitative elements. The adherence to the qualitative phase of the research was low, with many participants dropping out due to discomfort in discussing bowel habits. During individual conversations, a welcoming environment was created, allowing participants to feel comfortable in sharing details about intimate topics. In focus groups, participants used humor to discuss embarrassing subjects. The results indicate that gastrointestinal disorders affect the mental health and academic performance of university students. Final considerations: The high significance of the online Focus Group methodology was evident, given the detailed information obtained about the participants' perspectives, which are relevant to the research outcome. Furthermore, the Focus Group was observed as a welcoming environment for sharing intimate topics and experiences.