Resistência de variedades crioulas de feijão phaseolus vulgaris L. fabaceae a zabrotes subfasciatus boheman, 1833 coleoptera: chrysomelidae

Abstract

Beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), constitute a staple food in the Brazilian population’s diet, serving as one of the primary sources of protein. They hold significant importance in rural settlements and participate in various forms of social production organization. Landrace seeds are local varieties cultivated across generations with regional adaptation characteristics. To ensure biodiversity perpetuation, sovereignty, and food security, the storage process of these seeds and grains becomes indispensable. Among the insects that attack stored bean seeds and grains, the bruchid Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) stands out as a primary key pest, causing both quantitative and qualitative depreciation of the grains and requiring frequent control measures. Thus, the evaluation of the resistance of landrace bean varieties to the attack of Z. subfasciatus was conducted through bioassays for non-preference (antixenosis), biological parameters (antibiosis), and bromatological characterization. This approach enables the identification of nutritional factors that make these varieties more or less attractive to insects, laying a foundation for the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for stored grains. The study revealed that the Bala de Rifle landrace seed variety exhibited a potentially higher antixenosis resistance. Regarding the evaluated biological parameter (egg- to-adult period), it had the longest duration among all varieties, a factor associated with antibiosis resistance. Conversely, the Sempre Assim landrace seed variety was most preferred by Z. subfasciatus, potentially demonstrating lower antixenosis resistance. Among the evaluated biological parameters, it stood out as the least resistant variety, indicating high susceptibility to Z. subfasciatus attack. Bromatological analysis revealed significant variations in fiber, protein, and carbohydrate contents due to insect infestation. Keywords: antixenosis, antibiosis, food sovereignty, landrace varieties