Uso terapêutico do óleo da cannabis no tratamento do TEA: a importância do acompanhamento farmacêutico

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. These conditions interfere with the individual's quality of life, often requiring behavioral interventions and, in some cases, pharmacological therapy. Additionally, the use of Cannabis oil as a complementary therapy has been studied, showing positive responses in reducing sensory and behavioral symptoms. The objective is to identify possible applications of Cannabis oil as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of patients with ASD, with a focus on the importance of pharmaceutical care to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize associated risks. A literature review was conducted in the BVS and PUBMED databases on the use of Cannabis and Cannabis oil for the treatment of ASD. A total of 196 articles published between 2019 and 2024 were found, and after applying exclusion criteria, 22 final articles on the efficacy and safety of Cannabis sativa and its oil in the treatment of ASD were selected. Cannabis oil composed of CBD and THC has shown great promise in controlling symptoms and comorbidities related to ASD. The studies reviewed demonstrated improvements in sleep quality, hyperactivity, stress, repetitive behaviors, and communication. However, some patients experienced side effects, the most common being restlessness, drowsiness, and changes in appetite. The presence of a multidisciplinary team is essential for the development of patients after diagnosis, with an emphasis on the role of pharmacists, who ensure the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological therapy. The studies indicated that Cannabis oil has promising therapeutic effects in reducing ASD-related symptoms. However, pharmaceutical care ensures the long-term safety and efficacy of the treatment.