Análise da Implementação da Logística Reversa de Medicamentos Vencidos e em Desuso na cidade de Maceió-AL

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in discussing the problem of the correct disposal of expired and unused medicines in Brazil, due to the increase in the consumption of pharmaceuticals around the world. These contribute to greater environmental contamination, since their residues can seep into the groundwater and end up in rivers and seas, as well as increasing the risk of accidental poisoning, especially among children and pets. This context reveals the relevance of the issue given the need to guarantee the environmentally appropriate disposal of these products, with the implementation of reverse logistics in the pharmaceutical chain as a crucial element. This study investigated the implementation of reverse logistics for expired and unused medicines in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. The study sought to understand the effectiveness and challenges faced in the management of this healthcare waste, considering factors such as the availability of suitable collection points, the way in which waste is segregated and the practices adopted by pharmaceutical establishments. The research used quantitative methods to collect data, including a locational survey of disposal points in the city and checklists applied to pharmacies and drugstores. The data was analyzed using statistical methods and content analysis. The locational survey was carried out by selecting pharmacies and drugstores using a database of disposal points. Based on this, the sample was determined for applying the checklist to pharmaceutical establishments in the eight administrative regions, according to the Maceió Master Plan (2010). Among the 80 pharmacies and drugstores evaluated in the municipality, it was found that just over half (52.5%) receive expired and unused medicines, although there is no standardization in the procedures adopted. Administrative regions 1, 3 and 4 were the regions that stood out when it came to practicing reverse logistics. However, 83.75% of the establishments did not follow municipal and state legislation on the provision of collectors. Only 16.25% segregate their waste correctly, which reduces the amount sent for incineration and enables recycling. In addition, it was found that the existing household medicine collection programs are ineffective, limited in scope and do not comply with current legislation. This research can serve as a basis for future policies and practices in pharmaceutical waste management.