Análise descritiva dos indicadores do setor de turismo no Brasil: uma comparação pré e pós-pandemia

Abstract

Tourism plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy, acting as a driver of development through job creation, social inclusion, and the appreciation of cultural and natural diversity. Brazil stands out as one of the world’s top tourist destinations, offering attractions ranging from the Amazon’s landscapes to the beaches of the Northeast and the historical heritage of the Southeast. The sector is segmented, with specific products tailored to different tourist profiles, such as ecotourism, cultural tourism, and business tourism, among others. However, the Covid19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, created an unprecedented crisis in the tourism sector, impacting both domestic and international tourism. This study aims to provide an overview of tourism in Brazil by analyzing its performance through comparative indicators between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The specific objectives include: (1) understanding the main conceptual elements and the value chain surrounding the tourism sector; (2) examining tourism performance in Brazil before and after the pandemic using selected demand and supply indicators, (3) highlighting the economic and social effects of the interruption of tourism activities, and (4) identifying recovery measures adopted by the sector from 2021 to 2023. This study adopts a quantitative approach, with an exploratory and descriptive nature, based on a bibliographic and documentary review. It aims to compare the indicators of the supply of tourism services and the demand for them before and after the pandemic. The results show that despite the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Brazil, the sector has shown signs of gradual recovery between 2021 and 2023, driven primarily by domestic tourism and incentive policies such as the ‘Tourism Recovery’ program and PERSE. However, recovery remains uneven across segments, with resilience noted in air transport, nature tourism, and the hotel sector, which approached 2019 occupancy levels. Tourism revenues and sector hiring also indicate a progressive recovery trend, although still below pre-pandemic levels. The continuation of public policies, partnerships, and investments in innovation and sustainability is essential to consolidate recovery and strengthen Brazil as a competitive destination in the international market.