Padrões de uso de cyperaceae para fins medicinais em populações mundiais: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Cyperaceae is currently represented by 95 genera and 5796 species, with global occurrence. Representatives of some genera (mainly Cyperus), stand out for being widely used for various medicinal purposes. Given the above, this work was carried out with the objective of verifying trends in the therapeutic use of Cyperaceae on a global scale, analyzing 558 articles. After the analysis and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 144 works were selected, in which the occurrence of 15 genera and 66 medicinal species was verified in this, which is the first systematic review of the Cyperaceae family. The species with the highest relative importance (IR > 0.4) were Cyperus rotundus (more versatile species), C. articulatus, Carex baccans, Rhynchospora colorata e C. conglomeratus e C. mindorensis. The Bayesian analysis evidenced the genera Cyperus, Lepironia and Scleria as overused and Carex as underused. In the IDM, only the genera Cyperus and Scleria were overutilized and Carex was considered underutilized. Regarding the therapeutic indications mentioned in this work, the genera Cyperus (236, including Juncellus, Kyllinga and Mariscus), Scleria (22), Carex (16) and Rhynchospora (12) had the highest therapeutic indications. The most cited therapeutic indications were: analgesic (4.85%), cough (3.88%), stomach pain/diarrhea (3.24%). Regarding the infrafamilial classification, the Cyperoideae subfamily had more medicinal representatives than the Mapanioideae subfamily. In addition, the medicinal genera included in the Cypereae tribe had the highest number of therapeutic indications (258), followed by Sclerieae (22), Cariceae (16), Rhynchosporeae (12), Scirpeae (9). Among the most cited body systems in the scientific documents included in this systematic review, SSND was the most represented with 21.04%, followed by DSD with 14.89%, DIP 11.65%, and DSG with 10.36%. The most used plant parts were root (28.35%), whole plant (17.19%), rhizome (15.18%), leaf (11.16%) and tuber (8.48%). With regard to the most cited continents and countries, Africa stands out (in 22 countries especially Congo (2.08%), Kenya (2.78%) and South Africa (4.86%)), Asia (in 15 countries especially in China (9.03%), Pakistan (11.81%) and India (17.36%)), America (in 8 countries, Mexico (2.08%), Peru (2.08%) and Brazil (3.47%)), Europe (in 3 countries Italy (1.39%), Spain (2.08%) and Turkey (2.08%)) and Oceania (2 countries Marquesas Islands (0.69%) and New Guinea (0.69%) as the continents with the most scientific documents on the use of species from this family as medicinal products. Finally, the phylogenetic signal test was not significant (K= 0.019; p>0.05), making it difficult to understand the existence of a phylogenetic pattern associated with greater versatility of the species.

Keywords: Ethnopharmacology; Medicinal plants; Traditional Use.