O trabalho informal nos ônibus urbanos da cidade de Maceió: uma análise dos processos do comércio ambulante informal

Abstract

This research focuses on informal street walking work carried out within public transport in the city of Maceió, in the state of Alagoas. We created a timeline of the metamorphoses in the world of work and all their implications for the lives of Brazilian workers, who ended up being inserted into the informal job market through unemployment and social inequality. These workers work on urban buses, selling different types of products in an attempt to obtain income for their families. We look at these workers, their lives, families, work dynamics and their social relationships with each other and with others involved, such as the bus drivers themselves and the State, with the aim of understanding these dynamics within this complex process. To support the research theme, we used as a theoretical and methodological framework the contributions on work, informality, precarious work, social inequality and neoliberalism by Karl Marx, Perry Anderson, François Chesnais, Ricardo Antunes, Graça Druck, Maria Augusta Tavares, Claus Offe, David Harvey, José Paulo Neto, Maria Aparecida Alves, among other authors who are part of the literature of this research. Based on this theoretical framework, we carried out 30 semi-structured interviews with these workers, in addition to talking to some of them about their lives and routines, with the aim of finding out more information about this "new" category of informal work and, based on the analysis of this data, we brought some problematizations and hypotheses to point out the difficulties faced by these workers, who in turn, are deprived of assistance and the majority, have low education. These two factors combined end up directing these workers to the margins of society, experiencing different types of insecurities and uncertainties about their future and that of their families. The research aims to open the way for this discussion that needs to be publicized, so that it expands and has a positive social impact on the lives of these workers, whether through new public policies, social assistance and guarantees of more dignified work for these workers. subjects.