Mecanismos de invasão, replicação e tratamentos contra a Covid-19: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Covid-19, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a respiratory disease that emerged in late 2019 and became a global pandemic. The impacts of the pandemic have been profound, affecting not only public health but also the global economy, education and everyday life. The collapse of healthcare systems in several regions has highlighted the importance of emergency response and preparedness. Scientific research has played a key role in vaccine development, with several countries seeking to speed up approval and distribution processes to curb the spread of the virus. SARSCoV-2 variants have also brought additional challenges to controlling the pandemic. International collaboration has become crucial, highlighting global interconnectivity and the need for solidarity. Based on this, the objective of this work was to detail the infection mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2, presenting data related to vaccines and medicines that seek to combat Covid-19. This work was prepared based on research carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Nature, New England Journal Of Medicine, NCBI e The Lancet.. The following keywords were used: Covid-19, SARSCoV-2, pandemic, mechanisms, vaccines, medicines and their English counterparts. This research was carried out between January and december of the year 2023. In the research, articles were accepted in all languages, with no preference for year of publication. The vaccines and medicines used in this literature review were chosen based on the approval provided by ANVISA for national use. Data relating to 5 immunizers approved in Brazil were analyzed: Comirnaty (Pfizer/Wyeth), Comirnaty (bivalent), CoronaVac (Butantan), Janssen Vaccine (Janssen-Cilag) and ChAdOx1 (Oxford and AstraZeneca). Regarding medications, 5 options were analyzed: remdesivir, sotrovimab, baricitinib, paxlovid, molnupiravir and tocilizumab. Given the results found, it can be concluded that vaccines and medicines are extremely important for combating Covid-19 and showed a high degree of effectiveness.