Simulação fluidodinâmica de vazamentos de petróleo em regiões costeiras: uma avaliação de dispersão

Abstract

Oil is one of the main natural resources in terms of its applicability, being the main source of energy on the planet and an important source of raw material for various industries, with its notorious application in most everyday products. Due to its extraction complexity, which demands a high initial investment, it is necessary for the oil industry to comply with a series of regulations and to have the most modern equipment and technologies. Even with all the investment in safety and professional training, the oil industry is still prone to accidents and failures, and a case that was marked in Brazil was the oil or crude oil spill in 2019, which reached 11 states in the northeast and southeast from the Brazilian coast. The oil extracted on offshore platforms is transported by maritime transport, which may eventually leak into the marine environment and its rapid removal is necessary to avoid further damage to the environment as well as the adjacent population. For remediation, it is necessary to know the type of oil spilled as well as the dispersion pattern of the leak conditioned by hydro dynamism and local eathering. Currently, the numerical simulation methodology makes it possible to propose predictive models of the behavior and dispersion of oil during its spillage, directly helping to choose the best way for its remediation and removal. Therefore, this work aims to carry out a fluid dynamic simulation of an accident with an oil tanker along a coastal region, considering the local weathering conditions to determine the dispersion pattern for different types of oil, with different flow rates along the four main seasons of the year and their respective current intensities.