Transição nutricional: perfil antropométrico das crianças menores de cinco anos do estado de Alagoas

Abstract

The current Dissertation had the main purpose to show the actual stage of nutrition transition in Alagoas. On the other hand, It took place a cross-sectional study involving representative probability sample of children under 5 years old in State of Alagoas (n = 1386).The actual results have produced 2 issues. The first issue was called "nutrition transition in Alagoas (Brazil): prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in children under five years old are equivalent" and had key factor establishing the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity among children as main target. The indicator for malnutrition had the deficit (Z <- 2) in height-for-age, although the obesity had an excess of (Z> 2) weight-for-height. The anthropometric reference data of the World Health Organization-2006 was used. The prevalence of malnutrition was 10.3% (n = 144) meanwhile the obesity was 9.7% (n = 135). It was concluded that the infant malnutrition prevalence has been reduced in a strongly way in the state of Alagoas, however the obesity has been going up in dramatically numbers. Considering the margin of error allowed for the study (around 1.6%), It can take for granted that these two conditions can be maintained a striking similarities between children in Alagoas. These results emphasize how concern as just important keeping malnutrition control actions, but also it need to be added and / or expanded the obesity control prevention in the areas studied. The second issue, entitled "Prevalence and factors associated with short stature in children of the state of Alagoas," had the main purpose to identify key factors associated with the common occurrence of malnutrition. Occurred through home visits where were collected health analisys, anthropometric, demographic, socioeconomic data. The short stature (height-for-age <-2 Z) was the variable used. The binomial analysis included the Pearson’s chi-square tests and as rule as well a narrow definition (odds ratio) for a interval deadline of 95%. All the variables were subjected to analysis of simple linear correlation of Pearson’s (r). Aiming to get rid of the problem about collinearity, when two variables were highly correlated (r> 0.7) only one was selected for, along with the other variables are subjected to multiple regression. In the bivariate analysis were associated with short stature (p <0.05): number of rooms in the house less than four, lack of water piped at home, untreated water, not connected sewage network, three or more members in the family, less than three items of consumption, income less than R$50.00 reais and mother education less than five years school frequency, incidence of diarrhea, anemia, cough, low birth weight, any kindergartens frequency, maternal age ≤ 16 years old ) When the first child child, maternal short stature (≤ 153.4 cm) and the number of children up than 3. In multivariate analysis, presented itself as explanatory variables for the outcome study whose the “number of items of consumption < 3, incidence of diarrhea, low birth weight, type of home different from masonry, lack of sanitation and no Access to any type of health care service beyond public health. Those results should be considered by local authorities when it’s planning of actions to promote the health care in mothers and children in the state of Alagoas.