Análise das demonstrações contábeis: um estudo de caso dos impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 no setor de aviação civil

Abstract

The analysis of the financial statements prepared after the end-of-year calculations generate an essential mechanism to help management, investors and other Accounting users make decisions. In this sense, the present study aims to verify and analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the economic and financial situation in the two main Brazilian air transport companies listed on B3 (São Paulo Stock Exchange), Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes S.A. and Azul S.A. The years 2018, 2019 and 2020 were the triennium analyzed. Regarding its typology, this research is classified as descriptive, having a quantitative approach, correlated with the situation of airlines through a data collection. Thus, based on the data extracted from the Balance Sheet and the Income Statement for the years covered, the indicators used for the analyses were calculated, in order to obtain comparability between the previous period and during the pandemic. Through this mechanism, it became possible to understand the economicfinancial context that the companies were going through and verify the real impacts of the measures to combat COVID-19, which caused, in addition to a humanitarian crisis, one of the biggest economic crises in history. Despite the poor results in the years prior to the pandemic, it was noted that the crisis had a vast negative impact on the result for 2020, with low liquidity, large indebtedness, not very profitable for investors, but with little chance of bankruptcy, according to the Kanitz thermometer.