Aplicação de análise exploratória em dados de monitoramento da qualidade de águas subterrâneas de Maceió entre os anos de 2003 e 2017

Abstract

Underground waters are widely used as human supply source along the History. The quality, technical and economic feasibility and availability of the resource on brazilian soil are attractive to companies in the sector. In Maceió - Alagoas, part of the treated water supply distributed by Companhia de Saneamento de Alagoas (CASAL,2019) comes from artesian wells built for this purpose, especially in the upper part of the city. Therefore, it is fair to assume that to compensate the increasing population expansion of the metropolitan region, this underground water abstraction has increased until reaching the current volume. As it is a non-renewable resource, it is necessary to monitor in order to assess changes over time, mainly due to human activities. The present work aims to analyze the behaviour of 34 wells in the upper part region of Maceió, during the years from 2003 to 2017, where an increase in population density was observed that accompanies the growing demand for drinking water. In this sense, water quality data were analyzed at points of capture of wells in the city of Maceió over fifteen years, regarding to their physicochemical characteristics, observing the maintenance of quality with variations resulting from external factors, to this was made use of chemometrics, where through multivariate analysis all the known parameters are found working as a set in order to characterize the water in that place comparing it with its historic and with other related points, from where it can be extracted the maximum of relevant information. With the results, it was observed the tendency of most of the wells to behave as a cohesive set without much differentiation, with the exception of the wells closer to the coastal zone, wich shows different characteristics from the rest of the samples. In general, it was observed that the wells have similar physicochemical characteristics and that they have maintained their characteristics over the years of exploitation.