A relação entre a terapia periodontal básica e o controle do índice glicêmico de diabéticos: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases that have a bidirectional relationship widely documented in the literature. Chronic hyperglycemia, characteristic of diabetes, impairs the immune response and increases susceptibility to infection, facilitating the development and progression of periodontitis. Conversely, chronic periodontal disease can worsen glycemic control, contributing to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. This study seeks to understand this relationship and the effect of basic periodontal treatment on the glycemic control of diabetic patients, measured through glycemic markers such as glycated hemoglobin. To this end, searches were carried out over the last five years in the PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo databases using the terms "periodontal disease", "periodontal diseases", "periodontitis", "diabetes mellitus" and "glycemic control”, resulting in 100 articles 16 eligible articles were included, being clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta analyses that directly addressed the proposed objective, and the others were excluded because they did not address the objective. The results showed that basic periodontal treatment has a positive effect on patients' glycemic control, evidenced by the improvement in glycated hemoglobin levels. These findings suggest that periodontal intervention can be an effective strategy in the management of diabetes, contributing to better glycemia control in patients with this condition.