Controle de Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830) (Lep.: Oecophoridae) e de Bephratelloides pomorum (Fab., 1808) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) em frutos de pinha (Annona squamosa L.) (Annonaceae

Abstract

The sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a tropical fruit tree of the Annonaceae family that has aroused great interest for the fresh fruit market. However, like any fruit, it presents serious problems in relation to pest attack, mainly with Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) and Bephratelloides pomorum (Fab., 1808) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) that if uncontrolled, cause great economic losses. The indiscriminate use of pesticides is still the method most used by producers endangering the health of consumers and bringing environmental impacts. Because of these problems, consumers have demanded products without the use of chemicals. The alternative wich has been widely practiced and that meets the demands of the consumer market is still protect fruits with bags to prevent the attack of pests, and effectively replaces the use of pesticides. The present study evaluated different strategies to control the key pests of sugar apple in the dry (summer) and wet (winter) seasons of the years 2011 e 2012/2013. In the summer of 2011 it were evaluated thirteen treatments, fruits unprotected (control), kraft brown paper bag (20 cm x 15 cm) white paper bag (20 cm x 15 cm); microperforated plastic bags (20 cm x 15 cm); closed plastic bags (20 cm x 15 cm); open plastic bags (20 cm x 15 cm); closed white NWF bag (20 cm x 15 cm); open white NWF bag (20 cm x 15 cm); closed red NWF bag (20 cm x 15 cm); open red NWF bag (20 cm x 15 cm); wire cage lined with "voile" (20 cm x 18 cm) (23 cm x 22 cm); insecticide Polytrin® (3 mL/100 mL); kaolin (10 g/100 mL). In the winter 2012, it were assessed eight treatments: unprotected fruits (control); white open waterproof paper bag (20 cm x 15 cm); microperforated plastic bags (20 cm x 15 cm); white open NWF bag (non-woven fabric) (20 cm x 15 cm); red open NWF bag (20 cm x 15 cm); wire cage lined with "voile" (20 cm x 18 cm) (23 cm x 22 cm); insecticide Polytrin 400/40CE® (3 mL/100 mL) and kaolin (10 g / 100 mL). In the summer 2012/2013, it was evaluated the efficiency of the best treatments identified in the previous experiment and their influence in the physicochemical qualities of the fruits. In each treatment, there were a number of holes made by borers, weight, length and diameter, the percentage of fruits harvested and the costs of each unit costs The results showed that in the summer 2011, there was no incidence of pests and so it was not possible to indicate the most efficient control strategy, being rated only other variables, which indicated that the open translucent plastic bag is not recommended because it interfered with the normal development of the fruit. With regard to costs, the insecticide treatment Polytrin® was shown to be more costly. In the winter 2012, with the presence of the pests, the best control was obtained with the open red NWF bag, which provided 82.35% of fruit without injuries. In the summer 2012/2013, the same treatment with open red NWF bags, presented the same efficiency and did not interfere in the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits.