Potencial Fisiológico de Sementes de Feijão Crioulo

Abstract

Beans are grown throughout Brazil, in almost all microregions. Despite the great economic importance, it has been verified that the productivity levels are lower than the genetic potential of this crop. Seed quality is expressed by the interaction of genetic, physical and physiological components. The use of Creole seeds emerges as an alternative for family farming in order to preserve also the germplasm bank of a given region. The research was carried out with the objective of characterizing the physiological potential of Creole bean seeds from small rural properties in the region of Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas. The work was conducted at the Plant Propagation Laboratory belonging to the Campus of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Alagoas (CECA/UFAL). Seeds of five creole varieties of beans (Cavalo Preto, Fogo na Serra, Minguita, Rim de Porco and Tuiuiú) were used. The evaluation of the physiological quality of the seeds was made through the following tests and determinations: water content (TA), weight of one thousand seeds (PMS), germination (GER), first germination count (PCG), germination speed index (IVG), root and shoot length (PA) and seedling dry mass (DM). The statistical design used was completely randomized (IHD), each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 50 seeds. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. For the PMS, the Minguita variety presented a higher weight of one thousand seeds, differing statistically from the others, while for the water content test there was no significant difference between the varieties studied, that is, they did not differ from each other. Minguita also obtained better performance in the variables of first germination count (PCG), germination (GER) and germination speed index (IVG), differing statistically from the others. For the length of seedlings, the highest results were found in the seedlings from the varieties Minguita and Cavalo Preto, respectively (15.60 and 15.50 cm - PA and 12.20 and 13.00 cm - ROOT). Regarding the dry mass of seedlings, the highest results were also found with the variety Cavalo Preto (0.2700). The lowest DM value was obtained with Pork Kidney (0.1770 g). The Minguita variety presented higher physiological potential (germination and vigor) in relation to the other varieties studied. Being the most recommended for field production, as it is more likely to develop well, due to its physiological quality.

Keywords: Agroecology, family farming, seeds of resistance.