O empreendedorismo no Brasil pré-pandemia do Covid-19: uma análise do Global Entrepreneurship Report (2018 - 2020)

Abstract

This work addresses entrepreneurship in Brazil during the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic. Entrepreneurship is considered an important tool for social improvements, as it generates employment and income. The research uses data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) to analyze the situation of entrepreneurship in the country. In 2018, entrepreneurship showed a promising scenario, with a total entrepreneurship rate of 38%. More than 52 million Brazilians were involved in entrepreneurial activities, highlighting both established and beginning entrepreneurs. The preference for opportunity-based ventures indicated optimism in the job market, despite the majority of ventures being characterized by self-employment. In 2019, the total entrepreneurship rate increased to 38.7%, reflecting a recovering economy. The motivation to undertake varied between necessity and opportunity, indicating that entrepreneurship played a crucial role in generating employment and income. However, in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the entrepreneurship landscape. The total entrepreneurship rate fell to 31.6%, reflecting the economic recession caused by the pandemic. Surprisingly, the initial entrepreneurship rate remained stable, indicating the resilience of the entrepreneurial population. Many Brazilians affected by unemployment chose to start their own businesses, contributing to economic development. A comparative analysis of these years reveals that entrepreneurship in Brazil continues to be vital, despite the economic challenges. The population demonstrated adaptability and resilience, finding motivation both in the search for economic opportunities and in the need to survive in the midst of a volatile economy.