Relação entre parasitoides nativos de moscas-das-frutas e Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em pomares no município de Maceió-AL, Brasil

Abstract

The introduction of a species insect in an environment with a stable insect fauna can generate an imbalance in the agro-ecosystem and lead to the displacement of native species. In the case of the fruit flies, the exotic species Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced and released in different regions of Brazil to increase the biological control of these flies using this parasitoid as well as the native species. Since then, several researches were corried out evaluate the interaction of D. longicaudata with these species as well as its tritrofic interaction associated with different hosts on several fruits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the release, the establishment and interspecific competitive relationships of the exotic parasitoid D. longicaudata on the complex of native parasitoids of fruit flies and to determine the infestation, the parasistism and tritrophic interactions associated with the fruits present in the plant and found in the soil in organic and conventional orchards in the Maceió, state of Alagoas. 112.350 exotic parasitoids (5-8 days-old) were released from the June 8th July to 12nd 2013 and recaptured in one year period (July 2013 to June 2014). It was found that the introduction this parasitoid did not displace native species because the same species were found before and after of release of D. longicaudata in both orchards. In the recapture period were obtained 44 specimens of the exotic parasitoid, showing establishement in the studied areas. As for tritrofic association were identified the frugivorous flies: Anastrepha antunesi Lima, 1938, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), Anastrepha obliqua (Maquart, 1835), Anastrepha pickeli Lima, 1939, Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830), Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, 1979, Anastrepha turpiniae Stone, 1942, Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, 1939, Anastrepha sp.1, Anastrepha sp.2, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Neosilba sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) and six species of parasitoids: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913); Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Bréthes, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and specimens of Pteromalidae associated with the fruits of the plant and soil in organic and conventional orchards. The fruits of yellow mombim collected in the soil and strawberry guava collected in the plant were more infested by tephritids and the surynam cherry collected soil and plant were the most infested by Lonchaeidae. There wasn‟t statistical difference in the infestation rate of the frutis collected in soil and the plant. The highest parasitism percentages occurred in smaller fruits. This study constitutes the first repord of O. bellus and A. pelleranoi parasitizing larvae-pupae of Anastrepha in the State of Alagoas.