Avaliação do potencial da cultura do trigo (triticum aestivum l.) em Alagoas

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the global food chain, providing an essential source of carbohydrates, protein and fiber in human and animal diet. It is the only agricultural commodity in which Brazil is not self-sufficient, consuming around twelve million tons of grain against a production of approximately ten million. Currently there is a growing national interest in expanding its cultivation in order to reduce imports. Tropical wheat can meet this purpose, increasing the production area to new frontiers by presenting shorter cycle, greater tolerance to heat and lack of water, with the ability to adapt to tropical regions with low rainfall, as it can be an alternative crop for the Northeast. Given the current scenario, it is necessary to introduce new cultivars in tropical climates to increase production and reduce the importation of the product in the country. The objective of this work was to evaluate wheat cultivars in a grainproducing area in the state of Alagoas. The experiment was conducted on Santa Rita farm, located in the municipality of Anadia-AL. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four repetitions. The treatments were composed of five cultivars. Phenological, agronomic and technological quality characteristics were evaluated. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis using the F test, and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. The highest plant heights were found in the cultivars BRS 404 and BRS Reponte, while ripening was faster in BRS 264 (76 days) and BRS 404 (89 days), with the other cultivars showing a longer cycle (96 to 103 days). For the weight of one thousand grains and productivity BRS 404 stood out in relation to the others with 4,630 kg ha-1. The BRS 404 cultivar was selected for evaluation of technological quality characteristics. With thousand grain weight (40g), protein content (15%), wet gluten content (34%), white flour color (L*=93.0), vitreousness (74%) and water absorption (55.1%). Among the cultivars evaluated, BRS 404 stands out for its high productivityin the conditions of Anadia-AL.

Keywords: Productivity, Tropical, Cultivate.