Análise de tendência temporal dos indicadores de práticas alimentares em crianças brasileiras em menores de 24 meses, segundo raça/cor de pele, entre os anos de 2015-2022

Abstract

Breastfeeding is the first human right to adequate and healthy food. The World Health Organization recommends the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months and then continue breastfeeding for at least two years associated with the introduction of healthy foods to meet children's nutritional demands. However, it is known that there are inequities in access to health services that lead to negative outcomes in maternal and child health, since the care support offered by the health and family service influences the opportunity for women to maintain breastfeeding. In Brazil, structural racism permeates a historical persistence of unfavorable conditions that promote inequalities for the black and brown population, being a barrier to entry and permanence for this population in public health systems. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the temporal trend of indicators of eating practices in Brazilian children under 24 months, extracted from the food consumption marker records of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, between the years 2015 to 2022. This is an ecological time series study with stratification by macroregion and race/skin color. Public reports of the following indicators were extracted: exclusive breastfeeding; continued breastfeeding; minimal dietary diversity; and consumption of ultra-processed food, which were considered as dependent variables and the independent variable were the years evaluated (2015-2022). The Annual Increment Rate was calculated using Prais-Winsten regression to check the behavior of the temporal trend, then the Annual Increment Rate (TIA) was applied and their respective 95% CI were calculated using the formula “- 1+10^ β1”, where β=coefficient resulting from the Prais-Winsten autoregressive model. With this, we obtained the following results, in Brazil, for the general population of children under 24 months in the period from 2015 to 2022, there was an increasing temporal trend for black and brown race/skin color in indicators of exclusive and continued breastfeeding . stationary for the indicator of continued breastfeeding and minimum dietary diversity. And increasing behavior in black and brown race/skin color for exclusive breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding. For the general Brazilian population, a stationary temporal trend was observed for the indicators of exclusive and continued breastfeeding and minimum dietary diversity. From this, we concluded that Brazilian children under 24 months with black and brown race/skin color showed an increasing trend for the indicators of exclusive and continued breastfeeding, while children with white race/skin color had a stationary trend.