A política de saúde mental e a política sobre drogas nos anos de 2001 a 2023: violações e garantias de direitos a partir da realidade alagoana

Abstract

This doctoral thesis, entitled Mental Health Policy and Drug Policy in the years 2001 to 2023: dissemination and guarantees of rights based on the reality of Alagoas, is the result of research whose main objective was to theoretically-methodologically investigate an issue that permeates the forms of State regulation on issues relating to mental illness and drug abuse through rights, emphasizing the particularities of the Alagoas scenario. The specific objectives included: promoting historical and theoretical reflection on drug use, mental illness and institutionalization in the course of capitalist social relations and dialogue with the historical and theoretical construction of rights; analyze trends in the historical process of psychiatric hospitalizations in the Brazilian and Alagoas scenario, considering the deinstitutionalization process for people with mental disorders and people who abuse drugs; identify mental health care and reception services for drug users in Alagoas, observing how the services facilitate or violate rights; demonstrate, through empirical data, how managers and professionals operating mental health policy and drug policy in Alagoas enable the right to mental health. Through documentary, bibliographic and field research, it was possible to develop an exploratory study on the provision of mental health services, alcohol and other drugs and their relationship with the guarantee of rights. The field research was carried out in the period (2021-2023) in a CAPS AD III, a Cozy Therapeutic Community (CTA) in Alagoas, in addition to the Maceió Municipal Health Department, the Alagoas State Health Department and the Health Center. Reception. The research participants were: 04 managers, 03 social workers, 02 psychiatrists and 03 psychologists. Through individual, semi-structured interviews, we were able to get closer to the empirical data of reality and promote theoretical-critical reflections that were condensed in this thesis.The study undertaken led us to verify and defend the thesis that the expressions of the social issue in the Brazilian scenario, form the dialectical unity that unites mental illness and people abusing drugs, especially those from the most vulnerable classes, who are political targets. public. Therefore, mental illness cannot be reduced to a pathological condition, other social complexes in capitalism integrate social demands that are linked to mental illness, drug abuse and that motivate individuals to access institutionalized services. On the other hand, the State has shaped its responses through the bias of institutionalization, segregation and prohibition of drug use, intervening superficially in the demands of users of mental health, alcohol and other drugs, scarcely dialoguing with the perspective of rights . In the State of Alagoas, institutionalized relations in the area of alcohol and drugs were enhanced by their socioeconomic, political and cultural particularities that favor the philanthropic and private third sector, consolidating and strengthening conservative ways of dealing with the problem. We also identified that contemporary times reproduce marks of the past, with social regulations based on religious ideologies for the treatment of pathophysiological issues. This thesis is intended to contribute to the debate that permeates recent forms of psychosocial care, situating the problem in the social totality that surrounds it.