Cuidados de enfermagem no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgeries are essential for patients with some cardiovascular diseases, which are increasingly prevalent in Brazil. Despite surgical advances, the postoperative period requires specialized nursing care and continuous monitoring for effective recovery and better quality of life for patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the SCIENTIFIC evidence available in the literature on nursing care in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHODS: Articles were selected from the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed®), EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, using descriptors to identify publications related to nursing care in the postoperative period of cardiac diseases, from 2004 to 2024. The search was carried out in June 2024 and the integrative literature review used the PICo strategy to structure the research question, define the descriptors, and the objective. RESULTS: After selecting the titles and abstracts, 21 articles were found and 19 articles were read in full. Nine studies were then included in the final sample, which were organized and coded in an orderly manner. These studies mainly addressed the creation of educational tools and the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions on patient knowledge, with a focus on promoting self-care in the postoperative period. The analysis of the results highlighted the importance of the knowledge acquired in improving recovery, safety and adherence to treatment, evidencing the positive impact of various educational strategies, such as teaching materials and telenursing technologies, on patient autonomy. CONCLUSION: This study showed the importance of nursing care in the postoperative period of cardiac surgeries, highlighting educational interventions, such as booklets and educational programs, which contribute significantly to reducing complications and patient recovery. The systematization of this care has proven to be essential to reduce rates of hospital readmission, infections and mortality, reinforcing the need for health education in high-complexity units.