Qualidade de vida em pessoas com doenças valvares no pré e pós-operatório: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases are considered to be a set of diseases of non-infectious origin, resulting from various causes and risk factors, with long latency periods and a prolonged course that can lead to functional disabilities. In this context, it was observed that studies indicate the effect of Cardiovascular Diseases, especially valve diseases, on Quality of Life. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature on Quality of Life in people with valve diseases in the pre- and post-operative period. This is an integrative review of the literature, which aims to synthesize the information on the subject obtained in the results and analyze it critically, in a systematic and orderly manner. In view of this, the guiding question was formulated: what is the evidence in the literature on the quality of life of valve patients in the pre- and post-operative period? The controlled databases established for research were: Virtual Health Library (BVS), Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed Central (PMC). To compose the results, 576 articles were found, of which ten scientific articles were selected in the final sample. The research indicated that the loss of independence may be associated with a decrease in mobility and cognitive functions relevant to Quality of Life, and that institutionalization is directly linked to a worse physical Quality of Life and a higher prevalence of depression, thus leading to physical, psychological and social damage, circumstances that may result in different perceptions about the effect of the disease and treatment, Quality of Life and the attitude towards valve involvement. This integrative review allowed us to identify that several symptoms, harmful self-management behaviors and low self-esteem are identified in the quality of life of these people, with levels of exhaustion, decreased appetite and behavioral attitudes.