Avaliação da eficácia de despigmentantes alternativos à Hidroquinona: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Hydroquinone is the standard treatment for most hyperchromias, however it is toxic and can cause several adverse events, some serious, like exogenous ochronosis. Thus, the treatment for these hyperpigmentary disorders is a problem and many formulations have been tested in order to treat them, with out having the toxicity of hydroquinone. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to search the literature for assets or compositions that demonstrate efficacy as a depigmentant, however, with less toxic effects. A narrative review was prepared based on the articles found in thePubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scholar Google, Periódicos CAPES e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) databases in Englis hand Portuguese published over the past 10 years. Partially available articles, books, and articles that didnot address the subject matter were not considered. Among the selected material, the substances contained were na association of kojicacid, arbutin, sepiwhite® andachromaxyl®; association of emblica, licorice and belides; thioglycolic acid 2.5%; haloxyl 2%; peeling of 10% glycolic acid; niacinamide 4%; tranexamicacid; and flutamide. Among these, the ones that stood out the most were the association of kojic acid, arbutin, sepiwhite® andachromaxyl® because it is comparable to 2% hydroquinone with a lower number of adverse events; the association of emblica, licoricenadbelides, which also presented results similar to 2% hydroquinone, with milderside effects and fewer patients; and niacinamide 4% which has been shown to be effective against the treatment of these pigmentary disorders.Therefore, it is possible to replace the hydroquinone with safer substances or a combination of substances.